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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Bachelor thesis . 2021
License: CC BY NC ND
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Biodegradabilidad de plásticos en agua, suelo y compost. Ensayos

Authors: Simón, Cristina María;

Biodegradabilidad de plásticos en agua, suelo y compost. Ensayos

Abstract

En la actualidad la comunidad científica está cada vez más preocupada por el impacto de los plásticos tanto en el medio ambiente como en la salud humana. Aunque hace unos años los “oxo-plásticos” surgieron como una alternativa a los plásticos convencionales por su supuesta biodegradabilidad, los estudios sobre su degradación han evidenciado los riesgos para el medioambiente que supone su fragmentación. La prohibición de estos, y la de los plásticos de un solo uso ha fomentado que los polímeros biodegradables, tanto los biobasados como los de origen fósil tomen un papel más importante en la sociedad. Se han llevado a cabo múltiples investigaciones sobre la biodegradabilidad de estos polímeros en distintos medios como el agua, el suelo y el compost. La biodegradabilidad de los polímeros se evalúa mediante ensayos que pueden realizarse siguiendo o no normas estandarizadas, para comparar la biodegradación entre distintos polímeros o ver la biodegradación de un polímero en distintos medios. Este Trabajo Fin de Grado es un estudio comparado de las especificaciones y requisitos de las normas estandarizadas de medición de la biodegradabilidad de polímeros en distintos medios. Hasta la fecha, se han realizado múltiples ensayos de biodegradabilidad de los polímeros biodegradables más usados en distintos medios, destacando el ácido poliláctico (PLA), un polímero sintético que por sus propiedades es el más empleado, seguido de los polímeros producidos por microorganismos como los polihidroxialcanoatos (PHAs), los basados en almidón y celulosa, y los de origen fósil como la policaprolactona (PCL).

Nowadays, the scientific community is increasingly concerned about the impact of plastics on both the environment and human health. Although a few years ago “oxo-plastics” emerged as an alternative to conventional plastics due to their supposed biodegradability, studies on their degradation have shown the risks to the environment that their fragmentation implies. The oxo-degradable plastics and single-use plastics ban has boosted that biodegradable polymers, both biobased and those of fossil origin, play a more important role in society. Multiple investigations have been carried out on the biodegradability of these polymers in different media such as water, soil and compost. The biodegradability of polymers is evaluated through tests that can be carried out following or not standardized norms, to compare the biodegradation between different polymers or to see the biodegradation of a polymer in different media. This Final Degree Dissertation is a comparative study of the specifications and requirements of the standardized norms for measuring the biodegradability of polymers in different media. Up to now, multiple biodegradability tests have been carried out on the most widely used biodegradable polymers in different media, highlighting polylactic acid (PLA), a synthetic polymer that, due to its properties, is the most widely used, followed by polymers produced by microorganisms such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), those based on starch and cellulose, and those of fossil origin such as polycaprolactone (PCL).

Grado en Ciencias Ambientales

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Spain
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Keywords

Ensayos y test, Aquatic environment, Medio acuático, Compost, Suelo, Environmental sciences, Soil, Biodegradation, Biobasado, Ciencias ambientales, Plásticos, Standards and test methods, Biodegradación, Plastics, Biobased

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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