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handle: 10017/49832
El constante crecimiento de la población mundial y la consecuente demanda de producción alimentaria requieren que las pérdidas de cultivos por plagas y enfermedades se reduzcan de manera drástica. Los pesticidas químicos convencionales suponen un impacto negativo sobre el ambiente y la salud humana, y mayores costes de producción, por lo que, en los últimos años, se han venido desarrollando nuevas estrategias. En este contexto, el control biológico de plagas, y, de forma particular, el empleo de microorganismos como agentes de biocontrol se ha convertido en una opción prometedora y ambientalmente sostenible. En este trabajo se pretende hacer una revisión acerca del papel de las bacterias, hongos y virus como supresores de enfermedades de plantas, así como los principales mecanismos de acción implicados y el avance del mercado de este tipo de productos fitosanitarios. Tras una exhaustiva lectura, se ha llegado a la conclusión de que los microorganismos resultan una opción beneficiosa de protección para reducir el uso intensivo de los productos sintéticos que tanto nos dañan, contribuyendo así al desarrollo de biopesticidas más eficientes e impulsando la adopción de esta alternativa sostenible de control de plagas.
The constant growth of the world population and the consequent demand for food production require that crop losses due to pests and diseases be drastically reduced. Conventional chemical pesticides have a negative impact on the environment and human health, and higher production costs, so new strategies have been developed in recent years. In this context, biological pest control and, in particular, the use of microorganisms as biocontrol agents has become a promising and environmentally sustainable option. In this work, the aim is to review the role of bacteria, fungi and viruses as plant disease suppressors, as well as the main mechanisms of action involved and the progress of the market for this type of phytosanitary products. After an exhaustive reading, it has been concluded that microorganisms are a beneficial protection option to reduce the intensive use of synthetic products that damage us so much, thus contributing to the development of more efficient biopesticides and promoting the adoption of this sustainable alternative for pest control.
Grado en Ciencias Ambientales
Control biológico, Microorganismos, Biopesticides, Patógenos, Biopesticidas, Plagas, Microorganisms, Agentes de biocontrol, Environmental sciences, Pests, Biocontrol agents, Biological control, Ciencias ambientales, Pathogens
Control biológico, Microorganismos, Biopesticides, Patógenos, Biopesticidas, Plagas, Microorganisms, Agentes de biocontrol, Environmental sciences, Pests, Biocontrol agents, Biological control, Ciencias ambientales, Pathogens
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