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handle: 10017/33661
El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un modelo gravitacional con el propósito de explicar los determinantes de las migraciones desde los países de Oriente Medio y el Norte de África hacia los países europeos en el periodo 2008 a 2015. Además de desarrollar un modelo gravitacional básico que incorpora la población de países emisores y receptores y la distancia, se presentan modelos que consideran el efecto del idioma común y el pasado colonial, el nivel del PIB per cápita del país emisor y receptor. Incorporando estas variables explicativas se alcanza un modelo gravitacional extendido con mayor poder explicativo. Se comprueba que algunas de las infraestimaciones más importantes de este modelo se deben a las migraciones desde países en los que opera el ISIS, como es Siria e Iraq. Por ello se complementa el modelo gravitacional extendido desde 2011 con una variable que recoge el efecto de la irrupción de este grupo terrorista en ambos países y se comprueba que es significativa y su importancia cada vez mayor
The main objective of this paper is to present a gravity model to explain the determinants of migrations from MENA countries (Middle East and North Africa) to European countries between 2008 and 2015. First, it is presented the basic gravity model that includes population levels and distance between countries. Then other models are developed that include common language and past colonialism relations, and GDP per capita in the origin and destination countries. The extended gravity model incorporates these variables and explains migration levels better than the basic model. Finally, some of the less accurate estimations of the extended gravity model are for Syria and Iraq since ISIS appeared in those countries. Therefore, a dummy variable is incorporated to the analysis. This variable is significant, and its importance has grown in the last years
25 p.
Europe, Países MENA, MENA region, Modelo gravitacional, Sociology, Gravity model, Economics, Migración, ISIS, Europa, Sociología, Migration, Economía
Europe, Países MENA, MENA region, Modelo gravitacional, Sociology, Gravity model, Economics, Migración, ISIS, Europa, Sociología, Migration, Economía
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