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Del distrito industrial marshalliano a la «teoría del distrito» contemporánea. Una breve reconstrucción crítica

Authors: Becattini, Giacomo;

Del distrito industrial marshalliano a la «teoría del distrito» contemporánea. Una breve reconstrucción crítica

Abstract

El artículo reconstruye ante todo la génesis histórica del concepto del distrito industrial concentrándose en el pensamiento de un autor, Alfred Marshall, al que se puede considerar su formulador. Se muestra como el concepto tiene su origen de la feliz confluencia de la atenta observación de la realidad industrial contemporánea, sobre todo británica, con un intento por dar respuesta a las dificultades de la teoría clásica y, al mismo tiempo, responden al desafío de la lucha de clases (por ejemplo, naciones económicas). Las condiciones económicas que habían impulsado el desarrollo de los distritos industriales británicos se repiten, grosso modo, en la Italia de la segunda posguerra. Algunos estudiosos han analizado sin prejuicios la industrialización ligera de determinadas regiones en Italia y, volviendo al pensamiento de Marshall, han redescubierto el fenómeno de los distritos industriales. De ahí nace una abundante literatura que muy pronto supera las fronteras italianas. Algunos de estos estudios internacionales, en particular los realizados por expertos españoles, se cita brevemente. El texto examina el nexo distrito-made in Italy como clave que explica las ventajas competitivas del producto italiano en muchos sectores (por ejemplo, el textil-moda, calzado, muebles, etc.). Por último, en una tercera parte el documento examina algunos nuevos estudios sobre el distrito industrial en Italia.

As a departing point, the paper presents the historical genesis of the concept of industrial district focusing on the scientific views of the pioneer of this field,Alfred Marshall. The concept has its origins in the observation of the current industrial reality, mainly of the British one. The purpose is to give an explanation to the difficulties of the classic theory and to study the challenges of the class conflicts. The economic conditions which launched British industrial districts were present, grosso modo, in Italy after the second World War. Some contributions have dealt with the little industrialisation of some Italian regions and using Marshallian thoughts have rediscovered the industrial districts phenomenon. This is the starting point of a high number of scientific contribution in Italy and abroad. Some of these international studies, particularly the ones made by Spanish experts, are quoted. The text analyses the link between districts-made in Italy with the competitive advantages of Italian products in many economic activities (i.e. clothing, shoes, furniture, etc.). Finally, in the third part the paper reviews some new contributions on the industrial district in Italy.

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Spain
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Keywords

Geografía, Geography, Economics, L11, Social Sciences, Economic history, Desarrollo local, Local development, Distrito industrial, R11, Economía, H, Historia económica, B31, Sociology, Industrial district, Sociología

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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