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Los procesos de convergencia de Argentina con Australia y Canadá : 1875-2000

Authors: Sanz Villarroya, Isabel;

Los procesos de convergencia de Argentina con Australia y Canadá : 1875-2000

Abstract

Unos de los grandes temas de debate dentro de la historiografía Argentina gira entorno a encontrar la fecha exacta en la que este país dejó de converger con otros países desarrollados. En este sentido, la comparación más inmediata y tradicional considera la evolución de la economía argentina respecto de la de Australia y Canadá, otros dos territorios de nuevo asentamiento con los que compartía características comunes. De la literatura existente podemos extraer que hasta un determinado momento del siglo XX, que Taylor sitúa en 1913, Díaz Alejandro en 1929 y Cortés Conde en 1950, Argentina estuvo acortando distancias con los otros dos. Si tomásemos en consideración la información de corte transversal que estos autores utilizan para sus respectivos análisis podríamos llegar a conclusiones similares. Sin embargo, este tipo de datos presentan muchos problemas a la hora de estudiar la convergencia y el catching up entre países y, dado que se trata de procesos a largo plazo, lo más adecuado es utilizar datos de series temporales. Haciendo uso de las series de PIB per cápita de estos tres países, que cubren el periodo 1875-2000, y de la metodología de raíces unitarias y rupturas estructurales, en este trabajo se demuestra que Argentina paralizó su rápido proceso de acercamiento con los otros dos países mucho antes de lo aducido en la historiografía; en 1899 con Australia y en 1897 con Canadá. Estas fechas tiene un significado muy determinado pues se corresponden con rupturas encontradas en las series individuales de producto por habitante de estos países y se asocian con acontecimientos históricos concretos.

Keywords

Historia, Economía

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