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El 'derecho al trabajo' en las cárceles franquistas

Authors: Ruiz Resa, Josefa Dolores;

El 'derecho al trabajo' en las cárceles franquistas

Abstract

Recientes estudios han puesto de manifiesto que durante el franquismo, prisioneros y presos fueron sometidos a trabajos forzados, enmarcados desde 1938 en la institución de la Redención de Penas por el Trabajo. Esta situación se presentó, no obstante, bajo la cobertura jurídica del ejercicio de un derecho: el derecho al trabajo. Aunque no fueran lo mismo la cárcel y la empresa, en todos esos ámbitos el derecho al trabajo desempeñó una tarea similar de control y disciplina de la población, y a poner de manifiesto los contenidos y las particularidades que mostró en las cárceles franquistas es a lo que se dirige este artículo. Su finalidad última es, no obstante, aportar elementos que permitan conocer mejor los aspectos jurídico-políticos del autoritarismo del régimen franquista, y así poder valorar si aún perduran en el actual. Para llevar a cabo este objetivo se procederá, en primer lugar, a indagar en la justificación ideológica que se dio al derecho al trabajo durante el franquismo. Basada en el tradicionalismo religioso y en el nacionalsindicalismo, aquella justificación permitió convertirlo en mecanismo de control y disciplina. En segundo lugar, se analizarán los caracteres específicos del derecho al trabajo en las cárceles franquistas, atendiendo al tratamiento que tuvo en el ordenamiento jurídico del Régimen y en la doctrina jurídica que lo analizó. Este recorrido permitirá concluir que estamos ante la perversión de un mecanismo de emancipación de los individuos, que se ve reducido a una obligación social irresistible y a una forma de redención moral.

Recent studies have revealed that, during the Franco’s regime, prisoners were subjected to forced labor, within the frame of the 1938 ‘la Redención de Penas por el Trabajo’ . However, this situation arose under the legal cover of a right: the ‘right to work’. Although prisons and companies are not the same thing, the right to work played a similar task of control and discipline of the population in all these areas. This article tries to analyse the right to work and the particularities that it showed within Franco’s prisons. However, its ultimate objective is to understand the political and juridical aspects of the authoritarianism of Franco’s regimen in order to asses if they are still present in the Spanish current political system. To carry it out, I will analyse first the ideological justification underlying the right to work under Franco’s regime. Based on religious traditionalism and nacional-sindicalism, that ideological justification allowed to make it become a mechanism of control and discipline. Second, I will focus on the specific character of the ‘right to work’ in Franco’s prisons, considering the treatment it had in the legal system of the Regime and in the legal doctrine that analyzed it. All of this will allow us to conclude that at work is the perversion of an emancipating mechanism for individuals reduced to social obligation and to moral redemption.

Keywords

Derecho, Right to work, Redención de penas, Franco’s regime, Franquismo, Redemption of penalties, Derecho al trabajo

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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