Periodontal disease though is multifactorial it is thought to be caused by group of gram negative anaerobic bacteria resulting in destruction of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The current treatment of periodontitis is non specific and is centered on removal of supragingival and subgingival plaque by mechanical debridement and surgical procedures. Due to its high prevalence rate this disease has created an innovative interest to find a solution in the form of vaccine. The search for periodontal vaccine revolves around the antigenic factors of the periodontal pathogens. The objective of periodontal vaccine is to identify the antigens involved in the destructive process of periodontitis against which antibodies would be evoked to exert protection. It also aims to induce mucosal antibody response with little or moderate doses of vaccine. Till date no preventive modality exists for periodontal disease and treatment rendered is palliative. Thus availability of periodontal vaccine would not only prevent and modulate periodontal disease but also enhance the quality of life for whom periodontal treatment cannot be easily obtained.