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The role of KiSS1/GPR54 receptor signaling pathway in cancer progression

Authors: Haiub, Halema A Abubakar;

The role of KiSS1/GPR54 receptor signaling pathway in cancer progression

Abstract

Près de 90% des cas de morbidité et de mortalité associés au cancer sont causés par la métastase (Fares et al., 2020). La majorité des thérapies contre les cancers métastatiques ont une efficacité très limitée et ont des effets toxiques chez les patients. Nous devons donc privilégier l’identification des voies de signalisation qui favorisent la métastase afin de pouvoir développer des nouvelles thérapies ciblées contre celles-ci et d’améliorer les taux de survie chez les patients. La protéine KiSSpeptin (KiSS1) appartient à la famille de neuropeptides RFamide. KiSS1 joue un rôle important dans le système reproducteur humain en régulant la production d’hormones et la sécrétion de la gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Toutefois, alors que KiSS1 et son récepteur (KiSS1R, GPR54) semblent diminuer la métastase dans le mélanome, le cancer de la prostate et le cancer du pancréas, ils semblent promouvoir la métastase dans le cancer du sein et le cancer du foie. La contribution de la signalisation de KiSS1 dans les processus de formation de tumeurs et de métastases semblerait donc dépendre du contexte. Le but ultime de ce projet est d’élucider le rôle de la signalisation de KiSS1 dans des tumeurs solides, tels que les tumeurs mammaires, de la prostate et de la peau, et d’évaluer le potentiel thérapeutique d’un agoniste du récepteur KiSS1 dans ces contextes. Nous avons donc utilisé un agoniste du récepteur KiSS1/GPR54 (Y-156-2), dévéloppé par la compagnie ShangPharma Innovation Inc., pour examiner les effets de la signalisation KiSS1 sur la croissance tumorale dans des modèles de cancer du sein, du pancréas, de la prostate et de la peau. Nous avons évalué les effets de KiSS1 sur la viabilité cellulaire, le potentiel de migration des cellules, la réorganisation du cytosquelette et la transition épithéliale-mésenchymale. Dans des lignées cellulaires provenant de ces cancers. En effet, nous avons démontré que l’agoniste KiSS1 diminue la migration cellulaire dans des lignées cellulaires de mélanome, de cancer de la prostate. Cependant, l’effet contraire a été observé dans des lignées cellulaires de cancer du sein et de cancer du pancréas. Nous avons démontré que l’agoniste augmente l’expression de E-cadhérine dans le cancer de la prostate et qu’il diminue l’expression de Snail dans le mélanome par analyse de protéines et par immunofluorescence. De plus, en traitant des cellules de mélanome, de cancer du pancréas et de cancer de la prostate avec l’agoniste KiSS1, nous avons remarqué le changement de localisation de Snail du noyau au cytoplasme des cellules. Nos résultats suggèrent que l’agoniste KiSS1 (Y-156-2) semble pouvoir prévenir ou diminuer la formation de métastases dans le mélanome, le cancer de la prostate et le cancer du pancréas. Cet agoniste pourrait donc être utilisé dans des études in vivo afin de pouvoir mieux évaluer son potentiel anti-métastatique dans des modèles précliniques de la peau, de la prostate et du pancréas

Metastasis accounts for 90% of cancer morbidity and mortality (Fares et al. 2020). Unfortunately, most of the existing anti-metastatic drugs exhibit very limited efficacy as well as show high toxicity levels in cancer patients. Thus, identifying key signaling pathways and molecules that relay and control metastasis remains a high priority to design novel and efficient targeted therapeutics against metastatic cancers and to improve overall survival rates in cancer patients. Kisspeptin (KiSS1) is a polypeptide that belongs to the neuropeptide family of RFamide peptides. KiSS1 regulates the human reproduction system through controlling sex steroid levels and the secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). While KiSS1 and its receptor (KiSS1R, GPR54) can suppress metastasis in melanoma, prostate and pancreatic cancers, they appear to promote tumor metastasis in breast and liver cancers. Thus, the role of KiSS1 signaling in tumor progression and metastasis remains unclear and may be context dependent. The aim and long-term goal of this project is to study and decipher the role of KiSS1 signaling in distinct solid tumor types, including those of the breast, prostate, melanoma and pancreas and to further investigate the therapeutic potential of KiSS1 receptor agonist in these tumors. For this, we used a KiSS1/GPR54 receptor agonist (Y-156-2), recently designed by ShangPharma Innovation, Inc., to examine the effects of KiSS1 signaling on tumor progression using different models of breast, prostate, melanoma and pancreatic, cancers. Using specific cancer cell lines representative of the different solid tumor types, we assessed the effects of KiSS1 receptor agonist on cell viability, cell migration, cytoskeleton reorganization as well as epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Our results indicate that the KiSS1 receptor agonist prevents cell migration in prostate and melanoma cancer cells depending on the cell type while no effect was observed in pancreatic and breast cancer cell lines. With respect to epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), we found that the agonist increases the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, assessed with immunoblotting and immunofluorescence, in prostate cancer and decreases snail expression in melanoma. Furthermore, we found that the KiSS1 agonist promotes the trans-localization of the mesenchymal marker Snail from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in melanoma, prostate and pancreatic cancer cell lines. Altogether, our results suggest that the KiSS1 agonist (Y-156-2) may represent a suitable candidate to prevent or delay tumor metastasis in melanoma, prostate and pancreatic cancers and lay the foundation for future in vivo studies to further investigate the ability of the agonist to reduce the metastatic burden in preclinical models of melanoma, prostate and pancreatic cancers

Lebrun, Jean Jacques (Supervisor)

Country
Canada
Related Organizations
Keywords

Surgery

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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Average
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Related to Research communities
Cancer Research
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