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Role of surfactants in kraft pulping processes

Authors: Akadiri, Magda;

Role of surfactants in kraft pulping processes

Abstract

Des tests en laboratoire ont été conduits, grâce à l'instrument de pénétration développé à l'université McGill, afin de déterminer les surfactants capables d'améliorer la pénétration de la liqueur kraft dans le duramen (région centrale du bois) de l'Aspen. Cinq surfactants ont ainsi été étudiés: un anionique, SDBS fourni par Sigma-Aldrich, et quatre non-ioniques, TRITON X-100 et X-114, TERGITOL 15-S-7, tous trois provenant de Dow Chemicals, et BUSPERSE 47 de Buckman Laboratories. Ces surfactants, individuels ou mélangés (un anionique et un non-ionique) on été testés à leur concentration critique de micelles. Ils ont également été évalués avec une solution comprenant 25% de liqueur noire recyclée. L'efficacité des surfactants a été déterminée selon une méthode qualitative où le meilleur surfactant est celui qui, à un temps donné, a permis la plus grande absorption de la liqueur. Une méthode quantitative a également servi à évaluer l'efficacité des surfactants. Celle-ci est basée sur le fait que l'absorption se fait en quatre phases et que durant chacune de ses phases, les taux de pénétration peuvent être calculés. Le meilleur surfactant est donc celui qui présente le taux le plus élevé de pénétration pour un maximum de ses phases. Individuellement, TRITON X-100, BUSPERSE 47 et SDBS ont aidé à améliorer la pénétration de la liqueur. Quant aux mélanges de surfactants, à l'exception des mélanges contenant du TERGITOL 15-S-7 et de la liqueur noire, ils ont tous eu un impact positif sur la pénétration. Le mélange le plus efficace est celui de SDBS en présence de la liqueur noire.

Laboratory testing, using the penetration instrument developed at McGill University, was conducted in order to determine the surfactants effective at improving the kraft pulping liquor penetration into aspen heartwood during the first stages of impregnation. Five surfactants, one anionic (Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate from Sigma-Aldrich), and four non-ionic (TRITON X-100 and X-114, TERGITOL 15-S-7, all three from Dow Chemicals, and BUSPERSE 47 from Buckman Laboratories) were tested at their critical micelle concentration. The surfactants were used either individually or as blends of one anionic and one non-ionic surfactants. Different combinations were also tested in a 4 to 1 volume ratio of white and black liquor solution. The effectiveness of the surfactants was determined according to two methods, the qualitative analysis, based on the highest liquor absorption at a specific time, and the rate method that uses the highest penetration rate at each of the four phases of the absorption. Individually, TRITON X-100, BUSPERSE 47 and SDBS were effective according to the rate analysis. Moreover, regarding the blends, except for those involving a mixture of TERGITOL 15-S-7 and black liquor, all combinations of surfactants improved the penetration of the liquor. The best performance was achieved with the blend of SDBS and black liquor.

Kubes, George J. (Internal/Cosupervisor2)

Berk, Dimitrios (Internal/Supervisor)

Country
Canada
Related Organizations
Keywords

Engineering - Chemical, Chemical Engineering

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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