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Conformationally rigidified inhibitors of human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase

Authors: Gritzalis, Demetrios;

Conformationally rigidified inhibitors of human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase

Abstract

La voie du mévalonate est importante pour toutes les cellules de type eucaryote. La farnésyle pyrophosphate synthase humaine (FPPSh) est une des enzymes clés pour cette voie qui possède un rôle pivot dans la prénylation cellulaire. Les molécules azotées contenant des biphosphonates (N- BPS) appartiennent à une classe de médicaments pouvant inhiber efficacement FPPSh et améliorer le taux de survie de patients atteints de plusieurs types de cancers, incluant notamment le myélome. Cependant, les médicaments en circulation sur le marché pharmaceutique (Risedronate et Zoledronate) interagissent inefficacement avec le site actif de FPPSh et offrent à la fois une mauvaise biodisponibilité orale et une exposition des tissus mous. Une nouvelle série d'inhibiteurs a donc été proposée pouvant potentiellement interagir avec les sous cavités GPP et IPP de FPPSh. Les inhibiteurs dont la structure est basée sur le motif benzimidazole substituée en position 2 et indole présentent ce critère et ont donc été désignés pour ce projet. Bien que les inhibiteurs possédant le motif benzimidazole aient été synthétisés, il a malheureusement été impossible d'isoler les produits de réactions du fait de la réversibilité de la réaction de Michael. Nos efforts se sont alors tournés vers la synthèse d'inhibiteurs possédant le motif indole. Ces composés sont bien plus stables lorsque le groupement biphosphonate est placé au C-3. Ces molécules ont été évaluées par DSF et des essais enzymatiques. A notre plus grand plaisir, les indoles substituées en positions 2 se sont révélées être des molécules meneuses pour une nouvelle classe d'inhibiteurs de FPPSh.

The mevalonate pathway is important in all eukaryotic cells. One of the key enzymes in this pathway is the human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (hFPPS), which has a pivotal role in cell prenylation. Nitrogen containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs) are a class of drugs that have been shown to effectively inhibit hFPPS and improve the survival of patients with various cancers, including multiple myeloma. However, the current drugs on the market (Risedronate and Zoledronate) interact with the active site of hFPPS sub-optimally and suffer from poor oral bioavailability and soft tissue exposure. A new series of inhibitors have been designed that can potentially interact with both the GPP and IPP sub-pockets of hFPPS. Based on a computational model, substituted benzimidazole- and indole-based inhibitors were designed to bind in both sub-pockets of the active site cavity of hFPPS. The benzimidazole-based inhibitors were found to be chemically unstable due to a reversible Michael reaction. Thus all efforts were subsequently turned towards the synthesis of indole-based inhibitors. These compounds were chemically stable when the bisphosphonate moiety was placed at C-3. The compounds were tested by DSF and in an inhibition enzymatic assay. The 2-substituted indoles were found to be active and provide a new structural class of hFPPS inhibitors.

Tsantrizos, Youla S. (Internal/Supervisor)

Country
Canada
Related Organizations
Keywords

Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Chemistry - Pharmaceutical

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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