
doi: 10.82308/46603
The origin and evolution of modern amphibians is still a subject of controversy. The amphibamid temnospondyl Doleserpeton has often been suggested as a close relative of modern amphibians, but the skeletal morphology of this important taxon has never been fully described. In this thesis, a study of the skeletal anatomy of Doleserpeton is presented, and the interrelationships of dissorophoids are discussed. The relationships of modern amphibians and Paleozoic tetrapods are studied using phylogenetic analyses based on both Bayesian inference and parsimony. The skull of Doleserpeton is preserved in such detail that it allows the first description of the inner ear of an amphibamid temnospondyl. It is found to house a posteriorly positioned perilymphatic duct, a feature which is today restricted to amphibians. Evidence for the presence of a frog-like tympanic annulus is also described. During the studies of the limb skeleton of Doleserpeton, it was realized that important features of the forelimb of modern salamanders were misinterpreted in previous anatomical descriptions. Comparisons of the forelimbs of salientians (frogs), caudates (salamanders) and the Lower Jurassic caecilian Eocaecilia reveal important shared derived traits that are also found in Doleserpeton. Humeral evidence also indicates that saltation was an important part of the locomotion of the Lower Triassic salientian Triadobatrachus. Previous phylogenetic analyses are reexamined and numerous problems in previous character coding are revealed. An analysis of the new data collected suggests that modern amphibians may be a monophyletic group closely related to dissorophoid temnospondyls.
L'origine des amphibiens modernes reste un sujet de controverse. Doleserpeton a longtemps été suggéré comme un proche parent des lissamphibiens, mais l'anatomie de ce spécimen important n'avait toujours pas été complètement décrite. La présente thèse porte sur ce spécimen énigmatique en comparant sa morphologie aux amphibiens modernes et fossiles. Ceci nous nous informe sur les liens phylogénétiques entre les amphibiens modernes et ceux datant du Paléozoique en utilisant des analyses basées sur la parcimonie ainsi que sur l'inférence bayésienne. Les conditions de préservation du crâne de Doleserpeton sont telles qu'elles permettent la première description de l'oreille interne d'un membre de ce groupe. Ceci a permis de trouver la présence de conduits périlymphatiques, un trait généralement réservé aux lissamphibiens. Les structures tympaniques rappellent aussi celles des anoures. Ces nouvelles études comparatives ont permis de corriger certaines informations au sujet de l'anatomie des membres supérieurs des salamandres. Les comparaisons anatomiques entre les anoures, les salamandres et le fossile Eocecilia datant du Jurassique présentent de nombreux caractères communs qui permettent de mieux situer les caractéristiques de Doleserpeton. Les données provenant de l'observation de l'humérus ont permis d'établir que la saltation était présente chez Triadobatrachus. De nouvelles analyses phylogénétiques ont été effectuées afin de rectifier les stades des caractères utilisés. Ces nouvelles analyses suggèrent une descendance commune des amphibiens modernes à partir d'un groupe relié aux temnospondyles dissorophoides.
Carroll, Robert L. (Supervisor1)
Green, David M. (Supervisor2)
570, Biology - Zoology, Zoology
570, Biology - Zoology, Zoology
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