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Identification of PfCRT interacting proteins

Authors: Baakdah, Fadi;

Identification of PfCRT interacting proteins

Abstract

La forme létale du paludisme humain est causée par le plus important parasite protozoaire humain, Plasmodium falciparum, responsable d'environ ~1 million de mort annuellement. Le traitement et la prévention du paludisme dépend des médicaments antipaludiques. Le substitut synthétique de la quinine, la chloroquine, était le traitement le plus efficace pour cette maladie. La montée du paludisme résistant à la chloroquine dans les pays endémiques a supprimé les efforts de contrôle. La résistance à la chloroquine a été associée aux mutations dans la protéine transmembranaire présente sur la vacuole digestive du parasite, désigné PfCRT. De plus, la ou les fonctions normales et substrats naturels de la protéine PfCRT restent une affaire de spéculation étant donné qu'une évidence directe des fonctions normales et des substrats de cette protéine sont encore à déterminer. Les objectives de cette thèse sont de développer et de caractériser deux antisérums de l'extrémité N- et C-terminale de PfCRT comme outils d'identification des protéines interagissant avec la protéine PfCRT de P. falciparum. Bien que la masse moléculaire de la protéine PfCRT était estimée à 48.67 kDa, des caractérisations immunobiochimiques utilisant différents antisérums dirigés contre les domaines cytosoliques N- et C-terminal de cette protéine et publiés à travers la littérature ont abouti à des masses moléculaires variable de la protéine PfCRT sur le SDS PAGE. Dans cette thèse, nous reportons la génération et la caractérisation biochimique de deux antisérums dirigés contre les domaines cytosoliques N- et C de PfCRT. Nos résultats montrent que l'antisérum C de PfCRT détecte les épitopes non-phosphorylés ou des séquences dans la protéine PfCRT. En outre, nos résultats de la cartographie à haute résolution de l'épitope confirment la spécificité de l'antisérum C de PfCRT à la forme non-phosphorylé de PfCRT et montrent que la phosphorylation à deux sites au niveau de la séquence de la protéine, Ser411 et Thr416, qui empêche sa fixation à la protéine complète et phosphorylée. De plus, nous avons identifié une nouvelle forme tronquée de PfCRT qui est à la fois phosphorylée puisqu'elle est reconnue par l'antisérum C de PfCRT, et susceptible de représenter un produit différemment épissé de PfCRT, qui est exprimé in vivo sur la vacuole digestive du parasite. En outre, nos résultats confirment la masse moléculaire de la protéine complète et phosphorylée de PfCRT à 52 kDa sur un SDS PAGE. En utilisant les antisérums de PfCRT combiné à trois méthodes différentes d'interactions protéiques, nous fournissons la première preuve de protéines interagissant avec la protéine PfCRT. L'identification de ces protéines dont la masse varie entre ~20 kDa et 200 kDa est sous enquête active.

The lethal form of human malaria is caused by the most prominent human protozoan parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, responsible for an estimated ~1 million deaths annually. Malaria treatment and, prevention heavily rely on antimalarial drugs. The synthetic substitute of quinine, chloroquine, was the most effective treatment for this disease. The rise of chloroquine resistant malaria in endemic areas has suppressed control efforts. Chloroquine resistance has been associated with mutations in a transmembrane protein on the digestive vacuole of the parasite, designated PfCRT. Moreover, the normal function(s) and natural substrate(s) of PfCRT remain a matter of speculation as direct evidence for the normal functions or substrates are yet to be determined. The objectives of this thesis are to develop and characterize two antisera to the N- and C termini of PfCRT as tools for the identification of PfCRT interacting proteins in P. falciparum. Although the molecular mass of PfCRT was estimated as 48.67 kDa, immunobiochemical characterizations using different antiserums raised against the N- and C-cytosolic domains of this protein throughout the published literature yielded varying molecular masses of PfCRT on SDS PAGE. In this thesis, we report the generation and biochemical characterization of two antisera raised against the N- and C-cytosolic domains of PfCRT. Our results show PfCRT-C antiserum to detect non-phosphorylated epitopes or sequences in PfCRT. Moreover, our high-resolution epitope mapping results confirm the specificity of PfCRT-C antiserum to a non-phosphorylated form of PfCRT and show that phosphorylation at two sites in PfCRT sequence, Ser411 and Thr416, prevent its binding to the full-length and phosphorylated protein. In addition, we have identified a novel truncated form of PfCRT that is both unphosphorylated, as it is recognized by PfCRT-C antiserum, and likely to represent a differentially spliced product of PfCRT, that is expressed in vivo on the parasite digestive vacuole. Furthermore, our findings confirm the molecular mass of the full-length and phosphorylated PfCRT as a 52 kDa protein band on SDS PAGE. Using PfCRT antisera together with three different methods of protein interactions, we provide the first evidence of proteins interacting with PfCRT. Identification of these proteins which ranges from ~20 kDa to 200 kDa is under active investigation.

Georges, Elias (Internal/Supervisor)

Country
Canada
Related Organizations
Keywords

Biology - Parasitology, Parasitology

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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