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Glenohumeral dislocation. Injury patterns and combination injuries

Glenohumerale Luxation. Verletzungsmuster und Kombinationsverletzungen
Authors: Flückiger, R.; Raniga, S.; Moor, B. K.; Zumstein, M. A.;

Glenohumeral dislocation. Injury patterns and combination injuries

Abstract

Background Almost 90 % of first time shoulder dislocations are associated with other injuries involving the glenohumeral joint complex. It is important to make an accurate diagnosis even if this does not always influence the choice of an appropriate therapy. Content In the acute setting it is imperative that X-ray imaging is performed before and after repositioning in at least two planes, i.e. anteroposterior (AP), Neer and if possible axial views. Fracture dislocations must not be overlooked as repositioning maneuvers can lead to secondary displacement or complete displacement of a fracture. If there is any evidence of an unstable glenoid fracture, humeral fracture or combined osseous lesions, they should be immediately treated with open reduction and internal fixation. Patients with an incongruent glenohumeral articulation or who suffer from recurrent instability require a surgical intervention. In recurrent shoulder instability with evidence of osseous lesions arthrography computed tomography (arthro-CT) is the most valuable investigation. Injuries to the capsulolabral complex and rotator cuff can be diagnosed with this modality but arthrography magnetic resonance imaging (arthro-MRI) can provide greater details with respect to rotator cuff lesions. Discussion Acute large or massive rotator cuff lesions require semi-urgent repair. Off-track Hill-Sachs lesions with medial extension should be addressed with a remplissage or bone grafting. The long-term results of a Latarjet procedure at 25-year follow-up showed a very low redislocation rate (< 4 %), good external rotation, very high patient satisfaction and a rate of degenerative changes comparable with the natural development of first time shoulder dislocations without recurrent instability.

Hintergrund Begleitverletzungen können in bis zu 90 % der Fälle nach erstmaliger Schulterluxation auftreten. Auch wenn sie nicht immer einen Einfluss auf die Therapiewahl haben, so ist eine sorgfältige Diagnostik entscheidend. Einteilung In der Akutsituation ist eine konventionelle Bildgebung in mindestens 2 Ebenen (a.-p./Neer/evtl. axial) vor und nach Reposition zwingend. Luxationsfrakturen dürfen nicht übersehen bzw. durch das Manöver der geschlossenen Reposition sekundär disloziert werden. Bestehen ossäre glenoidale, humerale oder kombinierte Verletzungen, sollten sie gemäß Stabilitätskriterien versorgt werden. Dies kann umgehend, nach manifester Dezentrierung oder Instabilität entweder mittels Osteosythese oder als glenohumerale Stabilisation im Verlauf erfolgen. Bei einer Instabilität ist prinzipiell zur Bilanzierung einer ossären Ursache das Arthro-CT die Untersuchung der Wahl, welche auch eine Beurteilung der kapsulolabroligamentären Verletzung sowie einer traumatischen Rotatorenmanschettenläsion ermöglicht. Letztere ist jedoch besser mittels Arthro-MRT zu beurteilen. Diskussion Eine signifikante frische, meist größere oder massive, Rotatorenmanschettenläsion sollte rasch operativ angegangen werden. Medial reichende „off the track“ Hill-Sachs-Läsionen können mittels einer Hill-Sachs-Remplissage oder, wie auch glenoidale Defekte, mittels einer Kochenaugmentation versorgt werden. Langzeitresultate des Latarjet-Verfahrens zeigen 25 Jahre nach dem Eingriff die niedrigste Reluxationsrate < 4 %, eine gute Außenrotation, eine sehr hohe Patientenzufriedenheit und degenerative Veränderungen, welche vergleichbar mit der natürlichen Entwicklung nach erstmaliger Schulterluxation ohne Rezidiv sind.

Country
Switzerland
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Keywords

610 Medicine & health

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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