
doi: 10.7892/boris.20489
pmid: 16924446
Der Einsatz von Navigationssystemen in der orthopädischen Chirurgie und speziell in der Knieendoprothetik findet immer weitere Verbreitung. Dieser Beitrag stellt die grundlegenden technologischen Konzepte vor, auf denen moderne Computerassistenzsysteme beruhen, zeigt ihre Ausprägungen in den aktuell verwendeten Systemen auf und reißt verschiedene Entwicklungen an, die einen Einfluss auf zukünftige Produkte haben könnten. Prinzipiell lassen sich in jedem Navigationssystem 3 Komponenten identifizieren. Das therapeutische Objekt ist diejenige anatomische Struktur, die das Ziel der navigierten Operation darstellt. Das virtuelle Objekt ist ein Abbild des therapeutischen Objekts. Hier können radiologische oder vom Rechner generierte Darstellungen zu Einsatz kommen. Der Navigator schließlich dient zur Erfassung von Position und Lage von Instrumenten und Anatomie und stellt sicher, dass chirurgische Aktionen im Operationsfeld am Navigationsmonitor wiedergegeben werden können.
Using navigation systems in general orthopaedic surgery and, in particular, knee replacement is becoming more and more accepted. This paper describes the basic technological concepts of modern computer assisted surgical systems. It explains the variation in currently available systems and outlines research activities that will potentially influence future products. In general, each navigation system is defined by three components: (1) the therapeutic object is the anatomical structure that is operated on using the navigation system, (2) the virtual object represents an image of the therapeutic object, with radiological images or computer generated models potentially being used, and (3) last but not least, the navigator acquires the spatial position and orientation of instruments and anatomy thus providing the necessary data to replay surgical action in real-time on the navigation system's screen.
User-Computer Interface, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Surgery, Computer-Assisted, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Computer Graphics, 570 Life sciences; biology, 610 Medicine & health, Equipment Design, Robotics
User-Computer Interface, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Surgery, Computer-Assisted, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Computer Graphics, 570 Life sciences; biology, 610 Medicine & health, Equipment Design, Robotics
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