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https://doi.org/10.7873/date.2...
Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
https://doi.org/10.7873/date20...
Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
DBLP
Conference object
Data sources: DBLP
e-Prints Soton
Conference object . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: e-Prints Soton
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Clock-modulation based watermark for protection of embedded processors

Authors: Kufel, Jedrzej; Wilson, Peter; Hill, Stephen; Al-Hashimi, Bashir; Whatmough, Paul N.; Myers, James;

Clock-modulation based watermark for protection of embedded processors

Abstract

This paper presents a novel watermark generation technique for the protection of embedded processors. In previous work, a load circuit is used to generate detectable watermark patterns in the ASIC power supply. This approach leads to hardware area overheads. We propose removing the dedicated load circuit entirely, instead to compensate the reduced power consumption the watermark power pattern is emulated by reusing existing clock gated sequential logic as a zero-overhead load circuit and modulating the clock-gating enable signal with the watermark sequence. The proposed technique has been validated through experiments using two ASICs in 65nm CMOS, one with an ARM Cortex-M0 microcontroller and one with a Cortex-A5 microprocessor. Silicon measurement results verify the viability of the technique for embedded processors. Furthermore, the proposed clock modulation technique demonstrates a significant area reduction, without compromising the detection performance. In our experiments an area overhead reduction of 98$% was achieved. Through reuse of existing logic and reduction of watermark hardware implementation costs, the proposed clock modulation technique offers an improved robustness against removal attacks

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average