Biomechanics links corneal structure to its function. An area of intense research, corneal biomechanics can distinguish normal from ectatic corneas and has applications in various fields including cataract surgery, intraocular pressure measurement and glaucoma. It is also likely to serve as an important tool in the selection of suitable candidates for refractive surgery. This article reviews various methods of assessment of biomechanical properties of the cornea and its applications along with case examples to highlight the role it plays in clinical practice.