This paper traces the origins of Black Theology in South Africa to the nineteenth century when black revolt in missionary-controlled churches gave rise to the formation of the so-called ‘African independent churches’. Not the more recent expression of this ecclesial phenomenon but its early Ethiopian offspring whose leaders actively participated in a struggle intended to secure the emancipation of all Blacks in South Africa. This struggle for political liberation was intrinsically related to the historical quest for an indigenous expression of the Christian faith on African soil. Against this background it is now possible to explore the remarkable parallels that exist between the modern Black Theology/Black Consciousness enterprise and its more dated predecessor.