The first records of pulmonary embolism by polymethyl methacrylate have been recently published (2003) with no more than 15 cases reported. The current case report describes a young patient who underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty with polymethyl methacrylate two months before consultation. The patient complaint of symptoms suggestive of pleural compromise; the chest X-ray showed multiple radiopaque images in both pulmonary fields. Pulmonary embolism by polymethyl mehtacrylate is an infrequent complication related to the procedure; however, it should be ruled out in patients with a history of vertebroplasty who present chest pain or dyspnea.