Streptococcus pneumoniae causes considerable number of diseases like pneumonia, bacteremia or sepsis, meningitis, otitis media, sinusitis, peritonitis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and soft tissue infection [1,2,3]. According to the Korean statistics of death, 12,021 people died of pneumonia during the year 2014, mortality is 23.7 per 100,000 people, accounting for 4.5% of deaths, which meant the fifth frequent cause of mortality in Korea [4]. However, the morbidity and mortality of pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae was not known because the national surveillance was not yet performed. Woo et al. [2] investigated the 588 patients with pneumonia admitted in University Hospitals and co-organized with the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases, which revealed the etiological agents in 225 patients (38.3%). S. pneumoniae was identified in 57 of 225 patients (21.7%). Average length of hospital stay was 13.4 days, 61 cases (10.4%) received intensive care, 42 died and mortality was 7.1%. Six patients died of pneumococcal pneumonia, mortality rate was 14% (6/42) [2,3,4].