Diaphragmatic rupture during labor is an exceptionally rare condition, with a limited number of cases reported in the literature. A recent review underscores the rarity of this complication and emphasizes the associated challenges in diagnosis and management. This case report presents a postpartum diaphragmatic rupture, focusing on the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges it poses, particularly in the context of unsupervised deliveries. We report the case of a 32-year-old woman, with no significant medical history, who presented with intractable vomiting, and progressively worsening exertional dyspnea 30 days after a normal vaginal delivery. A chest X-ray revealed an air-filled space above the diaphragm, and an abdominal CT scan confirmed a diaphragmatic rupture with herniation of the stomach into the thoracic cavity, causing upward shifting of the cardiac chambers. The patient underwent emergency surgery via a midline supra-umbilical laparotomy. The herniated stomach was successfully repositioned into the abdominal cavity, the diaphragmatic defect was repaired, and an anti-reflux posterior hemivalve was created. Postoperative recovery was smooth, with significant improvement in clinical symptoms. This case highlights the importance of considering diaphragmatic rupture in postpartum women presenting with unexplained respiratory symptoms, particularly in settings where labor is not medically supervised. Rapid surgical intervention is crucial to prevent life-threatening complications and improve maternal outcomes.