Dysphagia is a condition whose prevalence increases with age and can have multiple causes. The differential diagnosis of dysphagia is crucial for its management and therapeutic guidance. The existence of an aberrant right subclavian artery can be a cause of dysphagia in adults. We describe a case of a 68-year-old man who consulted his family doctor in primary healthcare due to recurrent complaints of dysphagia for liquids, which had been evolving for several years. Following the investigation with complementary diagnostic tests, an aberrant right subclavian artery was identified and named as the probable cause of the symptoms presented. Lusory dysphagia is an anomaly in the swallowing process caused by extrinsic esophageal compression due to an aberrant subclavian artery. This case report aims to alert to the possibility of the existence of a congenital malformation as a cause of dysphagia in adults, emphasizing the importance of considering this diagnosis when making the differential diagnosis of this condition.