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Cureus
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License: CC BY
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PubMed Central
Article . 2018
License: CC BY
Data sources: PubMed Central
Cureus
Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
Cureus
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Hypomania Risk in Noninvasive Brain Stimulation

Authors: Gupta, Abhishek; Adnan, Mahwish;

Hypomania Risk in Noninvasive Brain Stimulation

Abstract

Noninvasive brain stimulation, using electromagnetic waves (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)) and direct electrical current (transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)), is a new frontier in treating psychiatric maladies. While still being developed as viable treatment options, both options have had numerously reported side-effects, with hypomania being a significant concern during investigations. While there has been a relatively rare incidence of hypomania among rTMS/tDCS trials, it still posits an important issue regarding the safety of both treatment modalities. This review studies the reported episodes of hypomania in rTMS and tDCS trials in order to identify any patterns that may cause the same. Such patterns included higher stimulation strengths with long stimulation periods. These factors, if modified, along with an established regimen of screening and prophylaxis against hypomanic risks, may be effective protection against hypomania, as well as to prevent manic episodes.

Keywords

Neurology

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    selected citations
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    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    15
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Top 10%
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
15
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
Green
gold