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Niche partitioning by sympatric civets in the Himalayan foothills of Pakistan

التقسيم المتخصص بواسطة الزباد المتعاطف في سفوح جبال الهيمالايا في باكستان
Authors: Faraz Akrim; Tariq Mahmood; Jerrold L. Belant; Muhammad Sajid Nadeem; Siddiqa Qasim; Tashi Dhendup; Hira Fatima; +7 Authors

Niche partitioning by sympatric civets in the Himalayan foothills of Pakistan

Abstract

Niche overlap between sympatric species can indicate the extent of interspecific competition. Sympatric competing species can exhibit spatial, temporal, and dietary adjustments to reduce competition. We investigated spatial, temporal, and dietary niche overlap of sympatric Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) and small Indian civet (Viverricula indica), in and around Pir Lasura National Park, Pakistan. We used remote cameras to determine the frequency and timing of detections to estimate spatial and temporal overlap, and prey remains from scats to estimate dietary overlap. We collected scat samples of Asian palm civet (n = 108) and small Indian civet (n = 44) for dietary analysis. We found low spatial (Oij = 0.32) and temporal (Δ = 0.39) overlap, but high dietary niche overlap (0.9) between these two civet species. Both civet species were detected at only 11 camera sites and small Indian civets were detected most frequently during 2:00–5:00 h and 8:00–10:00 h, whereas Asian palm civets detections were greatest during 20:00–2:00 h. The overall niche breadth of Asian palm civet was slightly narrower (L = 9.69, Lst = 0.31) than that of the small Indian civet (L = 10, Lst = 0.52). We identified 27 dietary items (15 plant, 12 animal) from scats of Asian palm civet including Himalayan pear (Pyrus pashia; 27%), Indian gerbil (Tatera indica; 10%), Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta; 4%), and insects (5%). Scat analysis of small Indian civets revealed 17 prey items (eight plant, nine animal) including Himalayan pear (24%), domestic poultry (15%), Indian gerbil (11%), and house mouse (Mus musculus; 5%). Both civet species consumed fruits of cultivated orchard species. Spatial and temporal partitioning of landscapes containing diverse foods appears to facilitate coexistence between Asian palm civets and small Indian civets.

Keywords

Diet composition, Sympatric, Ecology and Behavior of Bats, QH301-705.5, Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Biology, Frugivore, Niche overlap, Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Mice, Viverridae, Dietary breadth, Niche, Animals, Pakistan, Biology (General), Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecology, R, Competition (biology), Life Sciences, Biodiversity, Sympatric speciation, Sympatry, Niche differentiation, Habitat, Habitat Selection, Interspecific competition, FOS: Biological sciences, Environmental Science, Physical Sciences, Avian Ecology and Climate Change Impacts, Medicine, Civet, Gerbillinae, Zoology

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
12
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Green
gold