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Caracterización morfológica y genética de las ectomicorrizas formadas entre Pinus montezumae y los hongos presentes en los bancos de esporas en la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana

Authors: Roberto Garibay-Orijel; Emilia Morales-Marañon; Mario Domínguez-Gutiérrez; Andrés Flores-García;

Caracterización morfológica y genética de las ectomicorrizas formadas entre Pinus montezumae y los hongos presentes en los bancos de esporas en la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana

Abstract

ResumenLos hongos ectomicorrízicos son indispensables para el establecimiento y funcionamiento de los bosques templados. Algunos de ellos tienen esporas u otros propágulos resistentes y longevos; éstos se acumulan en el suelo forestal formando bancos de propágulos que constituyen la fuente de inóculo más importante después de disturbios severos. En este trabajo caracterizamos morfológica y genéticamente las ectomicorrizas formadas entre Pinus montezumae y los hongos presentes en los bancos de esporas de la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana. Las micorrizas se obtuvieron por medio de un bioensayo del suelo de 8 de los volcanes más representativos, con plántulas de P. montezumae cultivadas durante 7 meses. La identidad taxonómica de los hongos se obtuvo por la similitud genética de la región de los ITS. Se presentan las descripciones de 27 ectomicorrizas; de éstas, 20 no habían sido publicadas previamente. Geopora sp., Hebeloma helodes, H. leucosarx, Peziza sp. 1, P. aff. ostracoderma, Pezizaceae sp. 1, sp. 2, sp. 4, Pulvinula constellatio, Sebacina sp. 1, sp. 2, Sordariales sp. 1, sp. 2 y Tuber separans, no se habían encontrado en bancos de propágulos. Estas especies podrían usarse para reforestar con plantas y hongos endémicos, lo que aumentaría la sobrevivencia, pues ambos simbiontes estarían adaptados a las condiciones ambientales locales.AbstractEctomycorrhizal fungi are keystone in temperate forest establishment and functioning. Some of them have resistant and long living spores and propagules. These use to accumulate in soil, forming the so-called spore banks, which are the main inoculum resource after an intense disturbance. In this paper, we provide the morphological and genetic characterization of ectomycorrhizae formed by Pinus montezumae and the spore bank fungi from the Transmexican Volcanic Belt. We made a bioassay with P. montezumae and soil from 9 of the most representative volcanoes. Mycorrhizae were dissected after 7 months of seedling grow in a nursery. We identified the fungi by means of the genetic similarity of their ITS region sequences. We provide the description of 27 morphotypes, 20 of which had not been previously described. Geopora sp., Hebeloma helodes, H. leucosarx, Peziza sp. 1, P. aff. ostracoderma, Pezizaceae sp. 1, sp. 2, sp. 4, Pulvinula constellatio, Sebacina sp. 1, sp. 2, Sordariales sp. 1, sp. 2 and Tuber separans are reported for the first time in spore banks. The ectomycorrhizal fungi characterized could be used in reforestation using native plants and fungi. This would enhance plant survival due to the physiological adaptations of both symbionts to local environmental conditions.

Keywords

Eje Neovolcánico, hongos ectomicorrízicos, propágulos resistentes, resistant propagules, morfotipos, ectomycorrhizal fungi, Biología, pino, morphotypes, Neovolcanic axis, Hongos ectomicorrízicos, pine

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
27
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
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