A review of the literature concerning the history of bovine theileriosis is detailed. The first descriptions of Theileria spp is chronicled with particular reference to the discovery of Theileria parva. An account of the current concepts concerning the T. parva complex that includes T. lawrencei and T, bovis is described, as is the recent realisation that there are two non pathogenic Theileria spp of African cattle, T. mutans and T. taurotragi. A hypothetical account of the origin of the African Theileria is discussed tracing a possible source to W. Asia - birthplace of all African cattle and homeland of T. annulata. The current classification for Theileria spp is tabulated, followed by an account of the theilerial diseases of East, Central and Southern Africa. The life cycle of T. parva in the bovine host and vector tick is described, illustrated and selected stages photographed. The epidemiology of ECF in Malawi is preceded by an account of the relevant background information of the country, population and climate. Where possible figures are used to convey information. The occurrence of ECF in Malawi is described with corroborative serological evidence. A relationship between the distribution of the vector tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and ECF is illustrated. The possible role of temperature in determining the distribution of R. appendiculatus. is discussed. The effect of temperature with rainfall is suggested as the cause for the apparent seasonality of the tick stages and the reason for the seasonal occurrence of ECF is considered. The future policy for control of ECF: is briefly considered and the case for sound epidemiological facts to guide the formulation of such policy is strongly made.