Infections in hospitals still have a high incidence and many of them could be avoided through better welfare standards. To try to overcome them, a strategy based on prevention is needed, but cleaning, disinfection and sterilization procedures are also a key tool. It is important to provide for all healthcare professionals a constant update and the creation of protocols that take into account the technical, scientific and economic aspects, but also specific operational needs, so that the proposed solutions can be applied in daily routines. The authors outline the mandatory duties to the doctors and hospital and underline the need to document in the clinical record the treatments performed. In case of infections occurred in hospital environment, the patient must demonstrate the guilty nature of the hospital's conduct, the existence of a harm and the causal connection. The hospital must demonstrate that asepsis measures were adopted according to the actual scientific knowledge and they must cover not only the treatment but also the diagnosis, all the activities prior to surgery and the postoperative phase. The sentences examined show that hospitals can avoid being accused of negligence and imprudence only if they can prove that they have implemented all prophylaxis measures contained in the guidelines and protocols. They must demonstrate that the infection was caused by an unforeseeable event. While some initiatives to improve the quality of hospital care have already allowed a decrease in the incidence and cost of these infections, much remains to be done.