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Efectos perjudiciales de la ingesta de fructosa durante la gestación en la descendencia: mecanismos moleculares, respuesta a fructosa y a una dieta occidental

Authors: Donis Rodríguez, Cristina;

Efectos perjudiciales de la ingesta de fructosa durante la gestación en la descendencia: mecanismos moleculares, respuesta a fructosa y a una dieta occidental

Abstract

El aumento en el consumo de fructosa, junto con estilos de vida sedentarios, ha contribuido al desarrollo de enfermedades metabólicas como la obesidad, el síndrome metabólico, la diabetes tipo 2 y el hígado graso no alcohólico. Este trabajo evaluó los efectos intergeneracionales de la ingesta materna de fructosa, centrándose en las alteraciones metabólicas, la regulación osmótica y la expresión de factores de entrada del SARS-CoV-2. En el primer capítulo, se observó un efecto dual del consumo materno de fructosa sobre la susceptibilidad a infecciones por SARS-CoV-2 en la descendencia macho, dependiente de la edad y del tejido analizado. En el segundo, se demostró que la programación fetal inducida por fructosa provocó hipertrofia cardíaca en la descendencia hembra, intensificada tras la reexposición a fructosa durante la gestación. En el tercero, se identificaron alteraciones en la regulación osmótica en el íleon y el corazón, junto con un aumento en la síntesis hepática de triglicéridos, asociado a la esteatosis hepática. En el cuarto, dietas ricas en fructosa modificaron el metabolismo hepático de aminoácidos, efecto específico de este monosacárido. Estos resultados subrayan la importancia de considerar la nutrición materna durante la gestación como un factor clave en la salud a largo plazo de las generaciones futuras.

The increase in fructose consumption, alongside sedentary lifestyles, has contributed to the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This study evaluated the intergenerational effects of maternal fructose intake, focusing on metabolic alterations, osmotic regulation, and the expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors. In the first chapter, a dual effect of maternal fructose consumption on susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in male offspring was observed, depending on the age and tissue analysed. In the second, fetal programming induced by fructose was shown to provoke cardiac hypertrophy in female offspring, which was exacerbated by re-exposure to fructose during gestation. In the third, alterations in osmotic regulation were identified in the ileum and heart, alongside increased hepatic triglyceride synthesis associated with hepatic steatosis. In the fourth, fructose-rich diets modified hepatic amino acid metabolism, an effect specific to this monosaccharide. These findings underscore the importance of considering maternal nutrition during pregnancy as a key factor in the long-term health of future generations.

Tesis CEINDO. Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Programa de doctorado "Ciencia y Tecnología de la Salud". Leída el 25 de abril de 2025

Esta tesis tiene embargado el acceso al texto completo hasta el 25 de abril de 2028

Keywords

Síndrome metabólico, Embarazo, Fructosa, Metabolismo celular, Programación fetal, Metabolic syndrome, Gestation

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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