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Prévalence et facteurs de risque de la paratuberculose ovine au Québec

Authors: Donnelly, William;

Prévalence et facteurs de risque de la paratuberculose ovine au Québec

Abstract

La paratuberculose est une maladie entérique incurable causée par la bactérie Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) endémique dans la plupart des régions du monde. Cette affection ciblant les ruminants est responsable d’importantes pertes économiques dans les productions animales et son contrôle est particulièrement difficile. L’ingestion de matières contaminées (fèces, lait et colostrum) est considérée comme la voie principale de transmission. La situation épidémiologique de la paratuberculose dans les troupeaux ovins du Québec demeure inconnue. Ce projet visait à évaluer la prévalence de MAP et à caractériser les facteurs de risque associés aux statuts positifs des ovins du Québec. Au total, 2942 brebis provenant de 70 fermes ovines, dont 10 productions laitières et 60 productions de boucherie, ont été échantillonnées dans le cadre de ce projet entre février 2020 et mars 2022. La prévalence réelle des moutons positifs dans la province a été estimée à 8.3% (IC 95% 4.7-14.1%) alors que la prévalence apparente de troupeaux positifs a été estimée à 29.9% (IC 95% 25.7-34.1%). L’analyse multivariée des facteurs de risque a permis d’identifier la présence de signes cliniques comme facteur de risque à un statut positif individuel (RC = 3.0; IC 95% 1.3-7.4) et l’utilisation d’un logiciel de régie pour les données de santé des animaux comme un facteur protecteur à un statut de troupeau positif (RC = 0.1; IC 95% 0.0-0.6). Les résultats de cette étude permettront l’exploration de mesures de contrôle de l’infection dans les troupeaux ovins de la province.

Paratuberculosis is an incurable enteric disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), which is endemic in most parts of the world. This disease affecting ruminants is responsible for significant economic losses in livestock production and is particularly difficult to control. Ingestion of contaminated material (e.g., faeces, milk, colostrum) is considered the main route of transmission of MAP. The epidemiological situation of paratuberculosis in Quebec sheep flocks remains unknown. Hence, the purpose of this project was to evaluate the prevalence of MAP as well as to characterize the risk factors associated with positive status within Quebec sheep. A total of 2942 ewes from 70 sheep farms, including 10 dairy and 60 meat farms, were sampled between March 2020 and March 2022. The true prevalence of positive sheep in the province was estimated at 8.3% (IC 95% 4.7-14.1%) while the apparent prevalence of positive flocks was estimated at 29.9% (95% IC 25.7-34.1%). Multivariable analysis of risk factors identified the presence of clinical signs as risk factor for a positive ewe status (OR = 3.0; 95% CI 1.3-7.4) and the use of animal health data management software as a protective factor for positive flock status (OR = 0.1; 95% CI 0.0-0.6). The results of this study will enable the implementation of MAP-tailored infection control measures in the province's sheep flocks.

Keywords

Canada, Ovin, Sheep, Mouton, Quebec, Paratuberculose, Ovine, Prévalence, Québec, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Risk factors, Facteur de risque, Paratuberculosis, Prevalence, Johne's disease

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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