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Distribution spatiale des racines fines, disponibilité de la lumière et rendement dans un système de culture intercalaire avec arbres feuillus en zone tempérée

Authors: Bouttier, Léa;

Distribution spatiale des racines fines, disponibilité de la lumière et rendement dans un système de culture intercalaire avec arbres feuillus en zone tempérée

Abstract

Les distributions spatiales des racines fines de Quercus rubra L. (CHR), Populus deltoides x nigra (DN3570) (PEH) et d’une culture fourragère (FOUR) ont été étudiées dans un système agroforestier de culture intercalaire (SCI) du sud du Québec (Canada). L’étude ne révèle pas d’enracinement plus profond des arbres en SCI, mais des profils superficiels à l’instar de nombreuses espèces d’arbres en plantations ou en milieu naturel. Une séparation spatiale existe entre les systèmes racinaires du FOUR et des CHR dont la densité relative selon la profondeur est plus faible que celle de la culture de 0 à 10 cm, mais plus élevée de 10 à 30 cm. Les PEH ne présentent pas d’adaptation racinaire et les hautes valeurs de densités de longueur racinaires (FRLD) de surface près du tronc entraînent une diminution de 45 % de la densité racinaire de surface du fourrage, suggérant une forte compétition pour les ressources du sol. L’étude du rendement agricole a d’ailleurs révélé des réductions de biomasse fourragère particulièrement près des PEH. Cependant, les résultats d’une analyse à composantes principales suggèrent un impact secondaire de la compétition racinaire sur le rendement agricole, et une plus grande importance de la compétition pour la lumière. L’impact des PEH à croissance rapide sur la culture est plus grand que celui du CHR. Cependant, ils seront récoltés plus rapidement et l’espace libéré favorisera la croissance de la culture intercalaire. Cet aspect dynamique des SCI les rapproche des écosystèmes naturels et devrait être réfléchi et approfondi pour leur succès futur.

Spatial distributions of fine roots were studied in a tree-based intercrop system (TBI) with Quercus rubra L. (CHR), Populus deltoides x nigra (DN3570) (PEH) and pasture species (FOUR) in southern Québec (Canada). Results didn’t show deeper root profiles for trees in TBI. Profiles were superficial as commonly found for tree species grown in conventional plantations or in natural ecosystems. More than 95 % of fine roots were found in 25 cm and 45 cm depth for CHR and PEH, and in 35 cm for pasture. However, spatial separation exists between CHR and pasture fine roots systems as CHR allocate less fine roots in the top 10 cm of soil, and more between 10 cm et 30 cm. PEH fine roots didn’t show any adaption when intercropped with pasture and a high value fine root length density (FRLD) in top soil layer near tree trunk reduces pasture FRLD by 45 %, suggesting strong competition interaction for resources. Pasture yield analysis revealed biomass reduction near trees, particularly near PEH. However results of a principal component analysis indicates stronger negative effect of light reduction on pasture yield than the presence of tree fines roots. PEH, a fast growing species, have stronger impact than CHR on pasture yield but they will be harvested sooner and larger alleys should benefit the intercrop. This dynamic aspect of TBI systems is close to natural ecosystems and should be further investigated for future success.

Keywords

Tree based intercrop systems, spatial distribution, yields, Distribution spatiale, rendements, Réduction de lumière, séparation spatiale, Système de culture intercalaire, Densité de racine fines, spatial separation, Compétition, light reduction, competition, fine root lenght density

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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