Tumor is one of the principal diseases that seriously threaten human health. Insight into sensitive cancer markers may open a new avenue for the early diagnosis and treatment of this disease. CTHRC1 has been identified as a cancer-related gene. It is a secretory glycoprotein that possesses multidimensional roles associated with wound repair, bone remodeling, hepatocytes fibrosis, adipose tissue formation, and so on. Our previous studies and numerous reports from other researchers have revealed that the ascended expression of CTHRC1 tends to go hand in hand with tumorigenesis, proliferation, invasion and metastasis in various human malignancies through a series of molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways. However, the detailed pathogenic mechanisms of CTHRC1 overexpression in human malignant cancers are not yet clear. Here, we shall focus our description on the functions, expression profile in several representative malignant tumors and a number of molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved with CTHRC1. This introductory discussion of CTHRC1 will serve as a reference for further research in understanding this intriguing cancer-related protein.