As a model application within the intelligent traffic management system, ALPR effectively achieves dynamic vehicle tracking and preventive monitoring of criminal activities through advanced image processing technology and deep learning algorithms. However, with its widespread deployment, issues such as data misuse, violations of personal privacy, and discriminatory treatment resulting from algorithmic bias have become increasingly prominent, necessitating a comprehensive and systematic response from the perspective of criminal law. This article focuses on the application scenarios of ALPR technology in criminal justice practices, analyzing the numerous controversies and challenges it raises within the framework of criminal law, and further exploring the construction of a comprehensive governance strategy that combines technological constraints and legal regulations.