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Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
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RESILIENS. Forskning − begreber − modeller

Authors: Sommer, Dion;

RESILIENS. Forskning − begreber − modeller

Abstract

Resiliens handler om at forklare, hvorfor nogle mennesker med en stærkt problempræget opvækst klarer sig ‘på trods’ og ‘bedre end forventet’. Empirisk resiliensforskning er meget beskeden i Danmark, og kun en lille del af den omfattende internationale forskning er blevet formidlet. Resiliensforskningen begyndte tilfældigt for mere end fem årtier siden med studier af autistiske børn, som havde en overraskende bedre psykisk tilstand end forventet. Werner & Smiths banebrydende Hawaii-undersøgelse udgjorde også et tidligt vendepunkt. Forskning i resiliens tog fart i en tid, hvor det ‘kliniske barn’ og den atypiske udvikling var referencepunktet for den såkaldte normaludvikling. Forskning i resiliens blev en del af det paradigmeskifte, der fandt sted i 1960’ernes og 1970’ernes børnepsykologi, hvor også disciplinen ‘Developmental Psychopathology’ opstod. Resiliensforskningens såkaldte ‘fire bølger’ viser, hvordan begrebsapparatet har ændret sig markant gennem tiden. Fra stereotype, individpsykologiske, mono-kausale begreber til relationelle og dynamiske forståelser. Centrale begreber nært knyttet til resiliens er ‘risiko’, ‘positiv adaptation’ og ‘sårbarheds- og beskyttende faktorer’. Her har forskning identificeret en række adaptive systemer – fra individniveau til samfunds- og kulturelle niveauer – der spiller sammen om at skabe resiliens. Resiliens er ikke fikseret på et tidspunkt i ontogenesen (som et stadium); ej heller er resiliens et teleologisk endemål i udviklingen. Derimod ses udvikling som forskellige ‘forgreninger’, hvor livsforløbet for nogle individer kan bevæge sig i uventede retninger. Hvilke, afhænger af konkrete livsbegivenheder – såkaldte positive/negative vendepunkter. Fremtidens resiliensforskning handler om reciprokke forståelser/modeller helt fra gen-, neural-, adfærds-, til fysisk/socialt/kulturelt miljø-niveau. Dynamisk Transaktions Teori (DST), Probabilistisk Epigenese (PE) samt neuropsykologi er interdisciplinære tilgange, der hører hjemme i fremtidens resiliensparadigme.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
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