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Journal of Sport Science & Innovation
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
Data sources: Crossref
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Heart rate variability and subjective indicators of recovery in U19 soccer players

Authors: Koulla Parpa; Andreas Georgiadis; Konstantina Intziegianni; Karuppasamy Govindasamy; Marcos Michaelides;

Heart rate variability and subjective indicators of recovery in U19 soccer players

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between HRV parameters and subjective measures of recovery in U19 elite soccer players. Eleven soccer players (age 17.64 ± 1.03 years, weight 72.73 ± 6.05 kg, height 177.27 ± 5.83 cm) from the same team volunteered to participate in the study. Morning HRV measures were collected using photoplethysmography via the HRV4 training smartphone application, along with self-reported data (fatigue levels, sleep quality from the previous night, morning mental energy, soreness, and the previous day’s RPE). Means and standard deviations were calculated for HR, RMSSD and LnRMSSD, subjective responses and anthropometric measurements. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were used to assess the associations between HRV parameters and self-reported measures. A total of 184 HRV measurements and self-reported parameters were evaluated for the 11 players. Based on the analysis, both LnRMSSD and RMSSD showed strong positive correlations (p<0.01) with sleep quality and mental energy. In contrast, they were negatively correlated (p<0.01) with fatigue and RPE. Self-reported variables indicated that better sleep was significantly associated with higher energy and lower fatigue, while greater mental energy was also linked with reduced fatigue. Our findings suggest that daily monitoring of HRV using accessible smartphone technology may provide coaches and practitioners with a practical, non-invasive tool to track autonomic function, recovery status and training adaptations in young athletes. Integrating HRV data with subjective wellness measures could enable more individualized prescriptions, support early detection of fatigue or overload, and ultimately optimize performance.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
gold