Human Resource Management (HRM) plays a critical role in enhancing organizational effectiveness, employee performance, and competitive advantage. Over time, HRM has evolved from an administrative support function to a strategic partner involved in shaping organizational goals and culture. This review paper examines contemporary human resource management practices, including recruitment and selection, training and development, performance management, compensation and rewards, employee engagement, and strategic HRM. Drawing upon existing academic literature, the paper analyzes the impact of HRM practices on organizational performance and employee outcomes. A comparative analysis highlights traditional and modern HRM approaches. The discussion explores challenges, emerging trends, and the future of HRM in a dynamic business environment. The review concludes by emphasizing the importance of integrated and strategic HRM practices for sustainable organizational success.