This study investigates the effectiveness of open, EPS-filled, and sand-filled trenches in isolating ground vibrations using the finite element numerical sim-ulation method. A three-dimensional finite element model was established to analyze the attenuation of vibration acceleration induced by different barrier types. The isolation performance was evaluated based on the amplitude attenua-tion coefficient and the average amplitude attenuation coefficient. The results indicate that the vibration isolation effect of all three trench types decreases approximately linearly with increasing distance from the vibration source, with better performance observed in the near field compared to the far field. Under identical conditions, the open trench provides the best overall vibration isola-tion, followed by the EPS-filled trench, while the sand-filled trench performs the least effectively. The corresponding average amplitude attenuation coefficients are 0.823, 0.686, and 0.626, respectively. Further analysis reveals that filling material reduces the barrier's isolation efficiency, particularly in the far field, where vibration attenuation remains significant but the relative isolation effect is diminished.