This article reviews the progress in the growth mechanisms, suppression strate-gies, and monitoring techniques of lithium dendrites. The high - capacity poten-tial of lithium - metal anodes is restricted by cycle decay, short - circuits, and thermal runaway caused by dendrites. Their growth originates from elec-tro-chemical imbalance and interfacial heterogeneity. Multi - physics models reveal the regulation rules of pore geometry and crystal orientation on mor-phology evolution. Suppression strategies center on constructing high - conduc-tivity LiF interfaces, designing 3D porous anodes, and pressure control. In - situ charac-terization technologies (such as X - ray tomography and fiber - optic sensing) realize dynamic monitoring of the coupled mechanisms of dendrite growth and SEI reconstruction. Current challenges involve cross - scale model verification and real - time monitoring technology development. In the future, it's necessary to combine machine learning with intelligent sensor networks to promote the practical application of high - safety lithium - metal batteries.