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RED. Revista de Educación a Distancia
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RED. Revista de Educación a Distancia
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Pensamiento computacional: Una nueva alfabetización digital

Authors: Zapata-Ros, Miguel;

Pensamiento computacional: Una nueva alfabetización digital

Abstract

La sociedad y la economía demandan profesionales cualificados en las industrias tecnológicas. Se da la paradoja de países con un alto índice de paro en las que actualmente se quedan sin cubrir puestos de trabajo de ingenieros y técnicos de industrias y servicios digitales. Esto ha sensibilizado a gestores e instituciones a abordar el problema desde el punto de vista de la formación. Se trata de una nueva alfabetización, la alfabetización digital, y que como tal hay que comenzar desde las primeras etapas del desarrollo individual, al igual como sucede con otras habilidades clave: la lectura, la escritura y las habilidades matemáticas. El planteamiento, el más frecuente ha consistido en favorecer el aprendizaje de la programación de forma progresiva. Proponiendo a los niños tareas de programar, desde las más sencillas y más lúdicas a las más complejas. Pero se puede plantea la cuestión de otro modo: Las competencias de codificar son la parte más visible de una forma de pensar que es válida no sólo en ese ámbito de la actividad mental, la que sostiene el desarrollo y la creación de programas y de sistemas. Hay una forma específica de pensar, de organizar ideas y representaciones, que es terreno abonado y que favorece las competencias computacionales. Se trata de una forma de pensar propicia para el análisis y la relación de ideas, para la organización y la representación lógica. Esas habilidades se ven favorecidas con ciertas actividades y con ciertos entornos de aprendizaje desde las primeras etapas. Se trata del desarrollo de un pensamiento específico: el pensamiento computacional. En este trabajo hacemos una recensión de las formas de pensamiento que se han manifestado y han sido estudiadas como útiles a esta forma de pensar y de resolver problemas en este ámbito cognitivo y a sentar unas bases que en un futuro permitan desarrollar pormenorizadamente los contenidos en un curriculum útil a las distintas modalidades y niveles de educación, así como para la formación de maestros y profesores que los impartan

Society and Economy demand skilled professionals in technological industries. There is a current paradox in countries with a high rate of unemployment consisting in unfilled positions for engineers and technicians for the industry and digital services. This has sensitized managers and institutions to address the problem from the point of view of training. There is a new literacy, the digital literacy, and as such we must begin teaching it from the earliest stages of individual development, as well as with other key skills: reading, writing and Math skills. The most frequent approach to teaching digital literacy has been to gradually encourage the learning of programming. It usually consists in teaching children programming tasks, from the simplest and most entertaining to the most complex. But one can raise the question in a different way: The powers of encoding are the most visible part of a way of thinking that is valid not only in the field of mental activity, which supports the development and creation of programs and systems. There is a specific way of thinking, to organize ideas and representations, which is fertile ground and favors computational skills. It is a mindset that leads to the analysis and the relationship of ideas to the organization and logic representation. Those skills favor certain activities and certain learning environments from the early stages. It is the development of a specific way of thinking: computational thinking. In this paper we review forms of thinking which have emerged and have been studied as useful to this way of thinking and problem solving in this cognitive domain. We state they can provide a basis for future development of contents in a curriculum which can be applied to different types and levels of education, as well as to train teachers and professors applying computational thinking.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Digital Skills, Educación secundaria, LC8-6691, Alfabetización digital, Formación del profesorado, Pensamiento computacional, Competencias digitales, :3 - Ciencias sociales::37 - Educación. Enseñanza. Formación. Tiempo libre [CDU], Teacher Training, L, Special aspects of education, Kindergarten Primary and Secondary Curricula, Education, Computational Thinking, Curriculum de educación infantil, CDU::3 - Ciencias sociales::37 - Educación. Enseñanza. Formación. Tiempo libre, Educación primaria, Digital Literacy

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
50
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
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gold