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AZARBE Revista Internacional de Trabajo Social y Bienestar
Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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Internalización del estigma en pacientes seropositivos heterosexuales, homosexuales y bisexuales de Nuevo León

Authors: Luis Manuel Rodríguez Otero; María Gabriela Lara Rodríguez;

Internalización del estigma en pacientes seropositivos heterosexuales, homosexuales y bisexuales de Nuevo León

Abstract

La estigmatización incluye procesos internos a través de los cuales los sujetos objetivan el imaginario social, los mitos y los estereotipos asociados al VIH/SIDA, lo aprueban y generan emociones negativas hacia la propia identidad. El estigma internalizado está formado por componentes cognitivos (estereotipos), emocionales (prejuicios) y conductuales (autodiscriminación). Se plantea una investigación cuantitativa mediante un diseño no experimental, descriptivo, comparativo y causal con el objetivo de describir y caracterizar el nivel de estigma internalizado en pacientes seropositivos del Estado de Nuevo León (México), adscritos al Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Se seleccionaron 198 pacientes de un hospital de segundo nivel a través de un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple. Se utilizó un cuestionario autoadministrado para la recolección de datos; compuesto por una batería de preguntas sociodemográficas y la escala en formato Likert sobre estigma interiorizado de Kalichman et col., (2009). Se calculó el nivel de estigma, se realizaron comparaciones de medias en función a las variables sociodemográficas, la prueba de t-Student (variables dicotómicas) y la ANOVA (variables politómicas) para muestras independientes, con un porcentaje de intervalo de confianza del 95%. Los resultados denotan un nivel medio (x= 2.6) de estigma internalizado, representando el género, la orientación sexual, el nivel de instrucción, el ámbito geográfico, ciertos aspectos psicológicos y médicos y otros vinculados con la salud sexual factores determinantes en su interiorización. Desde el Trabajo Social sería idóneo promover acciones comunitarias de educación para la salud, haciendo uso del modelo revolucionario y el modelo biográfico y profesional de educación sexual. Stigmatization includes internal processes through which subjects objectify the social imaginary, myths and stereotypes associated with HIV/AIDS, approve of it and generate negative emotions towards their own identity. Internalized stigma is made up of cognitive (stereotypes), emotional (prejudice), and behavioral (self-discrimination) components. A quantitative research is proposed through a non-experimental, descriptive, comparative and causal design with the objective of describing and characterizing the level of internalized stigma in seropositive patients from the State of Nuevo León (Mexico) assigned to the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS). 198 patients were selected from a second-level hospital through simple random probability sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection, consisting of a battery of sociodemographic questions and the scale in Likert format on internalized stigma from Kalichman et al., (2009). The level of stigma was calculated, mean comparisons were made based on the sociodemographic variables, the Student's t-test (dichotomous variables) and the ANOVA (polytomous variables) for independent samples with a 95% confidence interval percentage. The results denote a medium level (x = 2.6) of internalized stigma, representing gender, sexual orientation, level of education, geographic scope, certain psychological and medical aspects, and others linked to sexual health, determining factors in its internalization. From Social Work, it would be ideal to promote community actions from health education making use of the revolutionary model and the biographical and professional model of sexual education.

Keywords

estigma,, HIV, Diversity and Social Work, AIDS, Stigma, SIDA,, CDU::3 - Ciencias sociales::36 - Bienestar y problemas sociales. Trabajo social. Ayuda social. Vivienda. Seguros, diversidad y Trabajo Social., VIH,, :3 - Ciencias sociales::36 - Bienestar y problemas sociales. Trabajo social. Ayuda social. Vivienda. Seguros [CDU]

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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