Maritime transportation is one of the most hazardous business activities in the world due to its global nature. It is a high-risk sector because of the potential for loss of life and property, environmental pollution and material damage resulting from work-related incidents at sea. The managerial and operational requirements for ship operators have increased, as has the awareness of the importance of environmental protection and ship safety in maritime transport. Ensuring that the International Safety Management System is properly implemented on board ships and promoting a positive safety culture in line with the psychological perceptions of seafarers based on their professional experience are the most effective ways of preventing or minimising potential major hazards in the maritime industry, enhancing safety and protecting the environment. In light of the above, this study seeks to investigate the variables that influence seafarers' perceptions of the safety climate, their relative weights, and how the safety climate varies by ship type. To this end, the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a multi-criteria decision-making approach, was used to evaluate data collected through a questionnaire from 15 seafarers working on different types of ships. The seafarers' perceptions of the safety climate were compared by ship type and the weights of the established safety climate criteria were determined using this technique. The results showed that "safety routines and competencies at sea" were the most important safety climate criteria, and that seafarers working on "tankers" should attach the greatest importance to the safety climate. We hope that this book, which consists of five chapters, will be of benefit to seafarers working on merchant ships and to the managers of the shipping companies operating these ships.