An ideal society is characterized by the equitable treatment of all individuals, wherein personal attributes such as gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, or other differences do not determine one's access to rights, opportunities, and resources. In this context, social justice represents a fundamental normative objective of any modern society, while social inequality serves as a measurable manifestation of disparities in individuals' actual access to resources, rights, and opportunities for advancement. Social inequality is assessed through a broad range of quantitative and qualitative indicators across various dimensions, including but not limited to economic status, education, healthcare access, political participation, and legal equity. This paper is specifically focused on the domain of economic inequality, examining core indicators such as income distribution disparities, poverty risk and social exclusion. Special emphasis is placed on the comparative analysis of the Gini coefficient as a principal measure of income inequality, with a focus on Serbia's positioning relative to countries in European Union. By analyzing key economic inequality metrics, we are able to construct an empirical representation of the current social landscape. These insights provide a foundational basis for evidence-based policymaking, legal reform, and the formulation of comprehensive strategies aimed at promoting social inclusion, reducing structural disparities, and advancing the overarching objective of a more equitable and just society.