Climate change poses significant challenges to communities worldwide, particularly indigenous populations, who often lack the resources to adapt effectively. In Nigeria, the Fulani herders represent one such group vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. As temperatures rise and precipitation patterns shift, these pastoralists face threats to their traditional way of life. This study aims to explore the resilience of the Fulani herders and their pastoral systems through a “climate justice lens” in order to understand the complex interplay between climate change, migration and the pastoralist-farmer conflict in Ringim, Jigawa State, Northwestern Nigeria. Using a qualitative methodology, the study captures the lived experiences, perceptions, and coping mechanisms of Fulani pastoralists. Data was collected through 35 structured interviews with 15 Fulani herdsmen, 15 Fulani women, and 5 policymakers and government representatives. Purposive sampling was utilised to select participants, ensuring the manageability of the sample size while capturing a diverse range of perspectives. Thematic analysis was performed using the NVivo software to identify patterns, themes, and connections within the qualitative evidence. The findings of this study reveal that the most frequently occurring themes were migration, policymaking and gaps in regulating cattle-breeding and grazing lands, nomad-settler conflict, and social conflict based on survival and security needs. The analysis situates the Fulani herders' lived experiences within the climate justice framework's four dimensions: distributive, social, corrective and procedural (in)justice. In particular, the research provided evidence of distributive injustice due to the lack of participation of the Fulani herders in the economic benefits of systematic deforestation in the country while they suffered major costs as a result of the desertification that followed. Social injustice was evidenced in the marginalisation of the Fulani herders, their negative depiction in the media, their hard living conditions, poverty and environmental racism. The research findings reveal the corrective injustice suffered by the Fulani herders, evidenced by the lack of compensation for their displacement and loss of land for grazing cattle. Finally, procedural unfairness was demonstrated in this research by the lack of representation of the Fulani herders in the Government and their exclusion from the decision-making process in contrast to farmers who receive support from the government and whose interests are represented by the Authorities. This study contributes to the existing literature by redirecting attention from the extensively studied middle-belt and southern regions of Nigeria to the relatively overlooked dynamics of the core north, specifically Ringim Jigawa State, where Fulani communities have historical ties. The study examines the perspectives of Fulani herders regarding their historical lands, offering new insights into regional land dynamics and socio-cultural considerations. Contrary to the prevailing literature, this study uncovers that Fulani herders predominantly migrate northwards and often cross the border to the Republic of Niger, challenging the commonly held belief of southward migration. Another novel finding is that this study differentiates between Fulani herders and Hausa farmers and challenges the broad categorisation of "Hausa Fulani" prevalent in Nigeria, revealing nuanced conflicts between these groups despite shared religion and cultural traits. This undermines the prevailing ethno-religious narrative surrounding the conflict, highlighting its complexity beyond simple religious tensions. The overall findings are that the Fulani herders in this study faced procedural injustices, socio-economic marginalisation and institutional neglect, which further exacerbated their vulnerability to the impacts of climate change. Addressing these challenges requires a multi-faceted approach that includes equitable policy interventions, community-based adaptation strategies, and enhanced collaboration between governmental agencies and indigenous communities. By acknowledging the unique vulnerabilities of Fulani herders and incorporating their perspectives into climate change adaptation efforts, policymakers can work towards promoting climate justice and ensuring the resilience and well-being of Nigeria's indigenous populations in the face of a changing climate.