With the increasing amount of pollution on the earth, we need to find some eco-friendly alternative to rectify it. Phytoremediation is an innovative and environmentally sustainable approach for mitigating air, water and soil pollution by using various plants. This method leverages the unique capabilities of certain plant species to absorb, accumulate, and transform contaminants, thereby facilitating their complete or partial removal, degradation or converting them into non-hazardous forms. In this chapter we have highlights the key principles and mechanisms underlying phytoremediation, emphasizing the plant's role as a bio-accumulator and its ability to enhance microbial activities in the rhizosphere. It also explores the diverse applications of phytoremediation in addressing various pollutants, such as heavy metals, organic compounds, and nutrients. Furthermore, it discusses the potential benefits and challenges associated with implementing phytoremediation techniques in different environmental contexts.