Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) has significantly transformed orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning by providing three-dimensional visualization of craniofacial structures with high accuracy and detail. Unlike conventional two-dimensional radiographic techniques, CBCT offers comprehensive assessment of dental, skeletal, and soft tissue relationships, enabling improved evaluation of impacted teeth, root morphology, airway analysis, temporomandibular joint conditions, craniofacial anomalies, and orthodontic treatment outcomes. The technology enhances precision in cephalometric analysis, mini-implant placement, orthognathic surgery planning, and assessment of alveolar bone and root resorption. CBCT also facilitates interdisciplinary collaboration in complex orthodontic cases involving oral surgery, periodontics, and restorative dentistry. Despite its numerous advantages, concerns regarding radiation exposure, cost, and appropriate case selection necessitate adherence to radiation protection principles such as ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable). Recent advances in imaging software, artificial intelligence, and digital integration have further expanded the clinical applications of CBCT in orthodontics. This topic highlights the principles, indications, advantages, limitations, radiation safety considerations, and future developments of CBCT technology in modern orthodontic practice.