This article analyzes the presence of black communities in Para State, whose lands are defined historically by processes of territorialisation. It maps their presence and the conflicts which surround the land occupied since the time of their ancestors. It identi- fies processes of rediscovered identity and the political mobilization related to forms of land ownership of the remaining quilombos. From a methodological viewpoint, it tries to create a different research experience starting with the building of an object and the instru-ments of work, through to the possibility of encompassing “an anthropology” or “a soci-ology of action”.