Vaginal and endometrial cytologic examinations were done in Women who were on one of two kinds of oralcontraceptives.1) No malignant changes were found by these cytologic examinations.2) Endocrinologically, the vaginal smears resembled those of early pregnant women, and the endometrial smears resembled those of the early secetory phase of normal endometriums.The mean eosinophilic cell index of these vaginal smears was 15%, and the standard deviation, 17%.The mean karyopyknotic index of these vaginal smears was 13%, and the standard devia tion, 22%.3) The method of simple endometrial smear test which I routinely use is also described.