In this chapter, we will draw attention to the possibility of viral encephalitis caused by a common pathogen: dengue. To this end, it includes necessary knowledge of diagnosis and therapeutic management, such as general notions of infections in the central nervous system; viral encephalitis—diagnostic and therapeutic investigation; arboviruses and their relevance; dengue as an endemic disease; diagnostic methods and treatment; its possible clinical presentations and complications, among them, dengue encephalitis.