Phosphorus (P) is one of the most essential nutrients for rice growth. Yet, its availability is often extremely limited in many rice-growing regions due to strong phosphorus fixation in the soil. In areas with flooded paddy fields, phosphorus commonly reacts with iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), and calcium (Ca) minerals. These chemical reactions result in the formation of insoluble compounds, which are nonnutritious to rice roots. The continuous flooding and draining cycles of rice fields further intensify P fixation. Additionally, alternating reducing and oxidizing conditions, along with regenerating fresh iron oxides, tightly bind phosphate to the soil. Consequently, only a small portion of the phosphorus contained in the fertilizer becomes available to crops. This leads to a reduction in rice productivity, and an increase in the use of fertilizer. This may ultimately create a risk of food scarcity for communities that rely on rice. Also, excessive application of fertilizer often leads to environmental problems. For example, it can cause runoff and eutrophication of nearby water bodies. This work examines the primary causes, mechanisms, and consequences of phosphorus fixation in paddy field soils and assesses sustainable strategies to enhance its availability. Several management strategies exist that potentially reduces phosphorus fixation and improve the effectiveness of fertilizers. The most commonly used methods include soil amendments, biological approaches, and improved practices for managing fertilizers and water. Understanding and analyzing these methods are crucial for the development of sustainable rice production and enhanced food security, while also protecting the environment and improving soil health.