
The Northern Snakehead (Channa argus), a highly invasive fish species native to Asia, poses a growing threat to aquatic ecosystems across the United States. This study employs a MaxEnt species distribution model to predict the potential invasion range of the Northern Snakehead in the contiguous U.S., utilizing 27 environmental and climatic variables. Results indicate a high probability of invasion throughout the eastern United States and Lower Mississippi River Valley, with vulnerable regions including the Ozarks, Gulf Coast, and Great Lakes. Key predictive factors include precipitation seasonality, elevation, land cover, and precipitation in the driest month. Time-enabled spatial modeling suggests full invasion of suitable habitats within 43 years, with an average annual expansion rate exceeding 11,000 square miles. The model underscores the importance of proactive management in high-risk regions to protect biodiversity and economic resources. This analysis enhances ecological forecasting and supports informed conservation efforts against future Snakehead expansion.
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