The chapter provides an overview of legal challenges for innovative beverage technologies in the European Union (EU). We examine food safety and pre-market authorization requirements, focusing on the novel food framework in Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. This framework is relevant for new ingredients, such as cannabidiol (CBD), algal- and plant-based compounds, as well as for upcycled food from side-streams, such as brewer’s spent grain, spent yeast, or carbon dioxide (CO2). It can also apply to innovative production processes, such as ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation or alternative fermentations with new microorganisms. In this context, we also explore legal questions on the use of genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs), especially whether trace amounts of recombinant DNA can trigger an application of the framework for genetically modified organisms (GMO) under Regulations (EC) No 1829/2003 and 1830/2003. A second focus of the chapter lies on food information law. We analyze the framework for nutrition and health claims under Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 and potential pathways, such as plain ingredient labelling for micronutrients. We also examine the emerging regulation of environmental and sustainability claims, such as climate neutrality and upcycled food.