Magnetic levitation (Maglev) transportation and Evacuated Tube Transportation (ETT) represent cutting-edge advancements in high-speed travel. Maglev trains utilize powerful magnets to levitate above the tracks, eliminating friction and allowing for extremely high speeds, and typically have a wide speed range. Since the 1960s, Germany has developed Maglev transportation technology to a mature stage for engineering application, providing new options for the further development of high-speed ground transportation. This technology is already in use in countries like Japan and China, offering efficient, fast, and smooth travel experiences. This chapter examines the development and application of Maglev and ETT. We divide the existing magnetic levitation systems into two categories: active electromagnetic suspension (EMS) and passive Maglev, which includes superconducting electrodynamic suspension (EDS) and pinning Maglev. It begins by analyzing the experience of existing commercial lines for medium- and low-speed EMS transportation, followed by a discussion of the advancements in high-speed EMS transportation. Then, this chapter explores the current status of passive Maglev transportation systems, with a focus on superconducting EDS and superconducting pinning Maglev technologies. Lastly, it reviews the research progress on ETT-Maglev systems and considers potential projects, highlighting the future possibilities of this cutting-edge technology.